The Popes on Catholic Action

Reading the many exhortations issued by the vicars of Christ urging Catholics to take up the banner of Catholic Action, it"s hard not to wonder why this movement went so sadly awry. The message of the popes is clear: Catholic Action is not an option but a solemn duty. These are the men who Christ appointed to speak to us in His name. Through them Christ is telling us to establish His kingdom, yet the soldiers are leaving the battlefield. Pope Pius XII called this effort the new crusade and spoke more on Catholic Action than any other Pontiff. Although some might assume that these papal documents represent only outdated appeals, the Church does not operate on the same set of rules or principles as the world. Because She is eternal, these appeals of the popes are as urgent today as they were 50 or 100 years ago. The Church never changes, unlike the world; which often seems to be in a state of frenzied and perpetual evolution. Especially because these papal requests went largely unheeded, Catholics today must pick up wherever our errant Catholic forbearers left off. As one priest remarked in the late 1940s, if there is yet hope for this world, the answers will come from the laity. Pope Pius XII firmly believed this. Whether those reading these words hold Pope Pius XII as the last valid pope or an old-fashioned vicar yet to be obeyed matters little. We have received our mandate and all that remains is to join hands, hoist the banner once again and march forward.

Pope Leo XIII

" When necessity compels, not only those who are invested with the power of rule are bound to safeguard the integrity of the faith, but as St. Thomas maintains, "Each one is under obligation to show forth his faith, either to instruct and encourage others of the faithful or to repel the attacks of unbelievers." To recoil before an enemy or to keep silence when from all sides such clamors are raised against truth is the part of a man either devoid of character or who entertains doubt as to the truth of what he professes to believe. In both cases such mode of behavior is base and insulting to God, and both are incompatible with the salvation of mankind-Nothing emboldens the wicked so greatly as the lack of courage on the part of the good-After all, no one can be prevented from putting forth that strength of soul which is the characteristic of true Christians; and very frequently by such displays of courage our enemies lose heart and their designs are thwarted. Christians are, moreover, born for combat whereof the greater the vehemence the more assured, God aiding, the triumph. Jesus-needs the help of men-The chief elements of this duty consist in professing openly and unflinchingly the Catholic doctrine and in propagating it to the utmost of our power. "How shall they believe Him of whom they have not heard and how shall they hear without a preacher? Faith then cometh by hearing, and hearing by the word of Christ, "(Rom. 10:14, 17). No one must entertain the notion that private individuals are prevented from taking some active part in this duty of teaching, especially those on whom God has bestowed gifts of mind, with the strong wish of rendering themselves useful. These, so often as circumstance demands, may take upon themselves-the task of communicating to others what they have themselves received-Such cooperation on the part of the laity has seemed to the Fathers of the Vatican Council so opportune and fruitful of good that they thought well to invite it.

" All faithful Christians, but those chiefly who are in a prominent position, or engaged in teaching, we entreat, by the compassion of Christ and enjoin by the authority of the same God and Savior, that they bring aid to ward off and eliminate these errors from Holy Church, and contribute their zealous help in spreading abroad the light of undefiled faith," (from the constitution Dei Filius).

" Each one should preach the Catholic faith by the authority of his example and by open and constant profession of the obligations it imposes...It should be borne earnestly in mind that in propagating Christian truth and warding off errors, the zeal of the laity should, as far as possible, be brought actively into play-They who cherish the "prudence of the flesh" and who pretend to be unaware that every Christian ought to be a valiant soldier of Christ; they who would fain obtain the rewards owing to conquerors while they are leading the lives of cowards, untouched in the fight, are so far from thwarting the onward march of the evil-disposed that, on the contrary, they even help it forward-A sublime reward is in store for the labors of a Christian life. On the other hand, to refrain from doing battle for Jesus Christ amounts to fighting against Him: He Himself assures us "He will deny before His Father in Heaven those who shall have refused to confess Him on earth," (Luke 9:26).

(Sapientiae Christianae, Jan. 10, 1890)

Pope St. Pius X

" Catholic Action consists in acting in the face of the world in conformity with the faith which we profess, so that the majesty of God may be respected and His Divine laws obeyed. Catholic Action consists especially in affirming the rights of Jesus Christ who is truly Our King. Because Jesus Christ is represented by His Church, Catholic Action consists in being affectionate children of this perfect society, which does not depend on other powers for the right to live and exercise Her ministry, because She has all power from God...Because moreover this Church is not built in the air, but does Her work in this our sublunar world, having a Supreme Head, Bishops and priests, Catholic Action is directed toward the defense of and revindication of the rights of the Roman Pontiff, who is to the Church of Jesus Christ what the head is to the body, what the foundation is to the building, for where the Pope is there is the Church. The more open the war against the Pope is the more active, the more resolute should Catholic Action be in defending and maintaining the inviolable rights of the Sovereign Pontiff...

" Catholic Action is properly lay in character for another reason also, which is obvious even to the most undiscerning, but which must not be forgotten. At one time the rights of Jesus Christ, of the Church and of the Pope entered into the legislation of all Christian states, and no one dared to deny to the hierarchy, the Church and the Pope those immunities and those privileges which they received from Christ, recognized by so many centuries of State law.

" Now it is no longer so. The Church, the Pope are no longer recognized as such and no longer form part of the social organism; they are relegated to the sphere of common rights; nay, they are even considered as enemies; they are ranked with evildoers. Since these things are so, who is it that must bestir himself to defend the violated rights and insulted dignity of the Pope, the Bishops and the Church? In other times it was the Pope and Bishops who intervened in the defense of their children, threatened by the savage invasions of the barbarians; today it must be the children who will rise up in defense of their Father, the laity in defense of the Hierarchy...Catholic Action will not please certain timid souls. Who, though good living, are so attached to their habitual quiet and so afraid of every innovation that they believe it is quite sufficient to pray because God knows best how to defend the faith, humiliate His enemies and make the Church triumphant.

" But these good people whom I would call optimists will wait in vain for society to reChristianize itself simply by the prayers of the good. Prayer is absolutely necessary, because in the ordinary economy of salvation God does not concede graces except to him who prays. India and Japan would never have been converted by the prayers alone of Xavier; the Apostles would never have conquered the world if they had not done the work of heroes and martyrs. It is necessary, therefore, to join work with action.

" There are others on the other hand, who in order to justify their inertia, give up the world for lost, since they see in it so many evils. These people, whom I would call pessimists, say that it is so much wasted time to talk of committees, circles, chairs, societies that will never accomplish anything. It is sufficient to remind these weary and dispirited souls that this kind of work in Catholic Action has been commanded by the pope, who has signified his own mind in so many ways, and that it is enough for us to be sure that it is the will of God also. One would need, then, a pretty dose of temerity and pride to say that a work, which has been commanded by the Pope and is the will of God, is useless and of no avail...

" True it is that in promoting Catholic Action, difficulties will be found. But what good work has there ever been which has not encountered difficulties and obstacles?...Where there is good will, all difficulties will vanish, and even when it seems that we are face to face with the impossible, if there is a will, there will be a way...

" Up to the present we have been like rabbits, too frightened of everything and everyone to institute the Parochial Committee, in order not to give offense. To whom should the committee give offense? To two classes of people only: to the bad, and if we gave way to them we would have to stop all good works; and to those good people who shrink from innovations. We must tell these last clearly and distinctly that these innovations are both beautiful and good; that as the bad unite, so also must the good; that if they are innovations they are desired by the Vicar of Jesus Christ, and that he who does not obey the Pope does not obey God."

(Taken from Restoring All Things: A Guide to Catholic Action, by John Fitzsimons and Paul McGuire, Sheed and Ward, 1938.)

Pope Pius XI

" Nowadays, as more than once in the history of the Church, we are confronted with a world which, in large measure has almost fallen back into paganism...Catholic Action is the renewal and continuation of that which was done IN THE EARLY DAYS OF CHRISTIANITY and the first proclamation of the realm of Our Lord. To have proof of this, it is sufficient to take a look at the literature of the early Church, to see that a great part of the marvelous success of the apostolate was due to the cooperation of the laity with the Apostles," (June 12, 1929 discourse, "Fundamental Principles of Catholic Action," by F. Lelotte, S.J.).).

In another pronouncement on Catholic Action, Pius XI wrote: "Catholic Action ought to be a universal and harmonious action of all Catholics, without exception of age, sex, social condition, culture, social and political preferences." (Letter of Nov. 13, 1928). Commenting on the pope's words, Msgr. Civardi wrote: "All laymen are called to share in Catholic Action. It is like the vineyard in the Gospel where all the workmen are invited to labor, (Matt. 20:1-16). Not one Catholic can exempt himself with the excuse, 'No one has hired us,' The father of the family, Jesus Christ in the person of his vicar has invited all: 'Go ye also into my vineyard.' The excluded, the unemployed have none but themselves to blame," (Fundamental Principles of Catholic Action by F. Lelotte, S..J.).

And from A Guide to the Lay Apostolate, compiled by Catherine Buehler, Pope Pius XI is quoted as saying: "The greatness and difficulty of our times does not allow any true disciple of Christ to be satisfied with mediocrity."

" Catholic Action is almost as indispensable as the priestly ministry: all should contribute to it at least a minimum," (Discourse by Pius XI, Dec. 4, 1924). And finally Pius XI assigns sin to non-participation. "All are bound to collaborate in spreading the Kingship of Christ, since all are the favored subjects of this tender King...To exempt oneself is a SIN OF OMISSION, which, in certain cases, could be SERIOUS." And elsewhere," Catholic Action is nothing else than the exercise of Christian charity, which is obligatory upon all men," (Discourse of Sept. 29, 1927).

" Catholic Action is an apostolate for which it is necessary to prepare oneself by a COMPLETE religious, moral and intellectual FORMATION...Without this DILIGENT and PROFOUND preparation, the organization of the individual Christian life and of Catholic Action is impossible...The profoundly Christian formation of the members of Catholic Action is a necessary condition for its fruitfulness," (taken form various letters of Pope Pius XI as cited by Lelotte, Ibid.).

Thus a profound and complete religious formation must be based, Pius XI said, "on solid piety and a great love for the Church and the Sovereign Pontiff, for it is understood that it will not be possible to procure an effective and generous cooperation with the apostolate of the Hierarchy except from persons leading an irreproachable Christian life, well convinced and enlightened on the truths of Faith and animated by an ardent love for Our Lord Jesus Christ and for the souls purchased by his Precious Blood, " (Feb. 14, 1934 papal letter).

Addressing bishops and priests, Pius XI wrote in a Sept. 28, 1935 letter: "We exhort you to devote the greatest care to the FORMATION of those who fight in the ranks of Catholic Action: the religious, moral and social formation which is INDISPENSIBLE to one who wishes to do effective apostolic work in the midst of modern society."

Pius XI warned of what would happen if groups independent of hierarchical supervision engaged in Catholic Action:

" It would be an error and serious nuisance if there arose in parishes and dioceses associations of the faithful which had SIMILAR ends to those of Catholic Action but yet remained INDEPENDENT of Catholic Action without any coordination or, what would be even worse, in conflict with it. The advantages of a particular nature, or limited to a small circle of the faithful would be entirely nullified by the damage they would cause by dividing, disaggregating and even setting Catholic forces against the other, ...forces which ought to be powerfully organized in obedience to the hierarchy and at the service of the Church," (Oct. 28, 1935 letter, Ibid.).

Pope Pius XII

" The faithful, and more precisely the laity are stationed in the front ranks of the life of the Church, and through them the Church is the living principle of society. Consequently, they must have an ever clearer consciousness, not only of belonging to the Church, but of BEING THE CHURCH, that is, of being the community of the faithful on earth under the guidance of their common leader, the Pope, and the bishops in communion with him. THEY ARE the Church, and therefore even from the beginning, the faithful, with the consent of their bishops, have united in associations directed to the most diverse types of human activity. The Holy See has never ceased to approve and praise them," (The Catholic Church in Action, by Michael Williams, quoted from an address delivered by Pope Pius XII Feb. 20, 1946, to the newly made cardinals).

But from the very first moments of his election, Pope Pius XII must have made the decision to add to his predecessor's legacy concerning Catholic Action, for it was the topic of the concluding remarks of his first encyclical.

" At a moment when one is forced to note with sorrow the disproportion between the number of priests and the calls upon them, when one sees that even today the words of Our Savior apply: "The harvest indeed in great, but the laborers are few" (Matthew 9:37; Luke 10:2), the collaboration of the laity in the Apostolate of the Hierarchy, a collaboration indeed given by many and animated with ardent zeal and generous self-devotion, stands out as a precious aid to the work of priests and shows possibilities of development which justify the brightest hopes. The prayer of the Church to the Lord of the Harvest that he send workers into his vineyard (cf. Matt.9:37 Luke 10:2) has been granted to a degree proportionate to the present needs, and in a manner which supplements and completes the powers, often obstructed and inadequate, of the priestly apostolate. Numbers of fervent men, women and youth obedient to the voice of the Supreme Pastor and to the directions of their bishops, consecrate themselves with the full ardor of their souls to the works of the apostolate in order to bring back to Christ the masses of peoples who have been separated from Him.

" To them in this moment so critical for the Church and for mankind go out Our paternal greeting, Our deep-felt gratitude, Our confident hope. These have truly placed their lives and their work beneath the standard of Christ the King; and they can say with the Psalmist: "I speak my words to the King" (Psalm 54:1). "Thy Kingdom come" is not simply the burning desire of their prayer; it is besides, the guide of their activity. This collaboration of the laity with the priesthood in all classes, categories and groups reveals precious industry and to the laity is entrusted a mission which noble and loyal hearts could desire none higher nor more consoling. This apostolic work, carried out according to the mind of the Church, consecrates the layman as a kind of "Minister to Christ" in the sense which Saint Augustine explains as follows: 'When, Brethren, you hear Our Lord saying: where I am there too will My servant be, do not think solely of good bishops and clerics.' You too in your way minister to Christ by a good life, by almsgiving, by preaching His Name and teaching to whom you can. Thus every father should recognize that it is under this title that he owes paternal affection to his family. Let it be for the sake of Christ and for life everlasting, that he admonishes all his household, teaches, exhorts, reproves, shows kindness, corrects; and thus in his own home he will fulfill an ecclesiastical and in a way an episcopal office ministering to Christ, that he may be for ever with Him...In promoting this participation by the laity in the apostolate, which is so important in our times, the family has a special mission, for it is the spirit of the family that exercises the most powerful influence on that of the rising generation. As long as the sacred flame of the Faith burns on the domestic hearth, and the parents forge and fashion the lives of their children in accordance with this Faith, youth will be ever ready to acknowledge the royal prerogatives of the Redeemer, and to oppose those who wish to exclude Him from society or wrongly to usurp His rights.

When churches are closed, when the Image of the Crucified is taken from the schools, the family remains the providential and, in a certain sense, impregnable refuge of Christian life. And We give thanks to God as We see that numberless families accomplish this, their mission, with a fidelity undismayed by combat or by sacrifice. A great host of young men and women, even in those regions where faith in Christ means suffering and persecution, remain firm around the Throne of the Redeemer with a quiet, steady determination that recalls the most glorious days of the Church's struggles."

(Delivered by Pope Pius XII Oct. 20, 1939 from Castle Gandolfo.)

" We believe that the first point to be remembered is the need for action, action clearly conceived and strongly desired. You must reject every attitude of PASSIVE ACCEPTANCE OR INDIFFERENCE, every form of APATHETIC QUIETISM. You cannot in any way expose yourselves to the reproaches of the Master who takes His servant to task because he has buried his talent in the earth instead of making it bear profit, (Matt. 25:24-27). Imitate rather the Good Samaritan of the parable (Luke 10: 30-37) who understands his duties to his neighbor and whom the Lord set as an example to his questioner saying: "Go and do likewise."

" ...The Apostolic See does not simply tolerate your action; it enjoins you to exercise the apostolate, to devote your efforts to fulfilling the Christian's great missionary duty, that all the lost sheep may be assembled in one fold and under one shepherd, (John 10, 16)." Pius XII here reiterates what Pope Pius XI said on the subject during his pontificate

" Apostolate is nothing else but the exercise of Christian charity...What would the Twelve have done, lost in the world's immensity, if they had not called aloud to others and said, "Let us carry forth the treasure of heaven; help us to distribute it? "